About

Eastern Hemlock

The Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) is a majestic evergreen tree native to eastern North America. It typically grows in conical form and can reach heights of 60-70 feet, with some specimens exceeding 100 feet. The tree is characterized by its short, flat, dark green needles with two white lines on the underside and reddish-brown, deeply furrowed bark.
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The Appearance

Eastern Hemlock is a tall, conical evergreen tree with a slightly drooping top, featuring short, flat, dark green needle-like leaves with two white lines underneath, and reddish-brown, deeply furrowed bark.


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The Produce

The tree produces small, pendant cones that are about 1/2 to 1 inch long. The cones are green when immature and turn brown as they mature, typically hanging from the ends of branches.


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The Flowers

Eastern Hemlock produces small, inconspicuous flowers. Male flowers are small, yellow, and round, found in clusters, while female flowers are tiny and green, located at the branch tips.


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The Leaves

The leaves of the Eastern Hemlock are short, flat, and needle-like. They are green with two white parallel lines underneath.


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The Bark

The bark is initially smooth and grey when the tree is young, becoming thick, ridged, and deeply furrowed with age. It turns a darker, reddish-brown colour as the tree matures.


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The Habitat

Native to eastern North America, Eastern Hemlock thrives in cool, moist environments, often found in shaded areas of mixed forests, along streams, and on rocky hillsides.


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The Ecology

Eastern Hemlock provides critical habitat for various wildlife species, including birds, mammals, and insects. Its dense canopy offers shade, cooling forest streams and maintaining aquatic habitats.


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The Culture

Historically, Eastern Hemlock bark was used for tannin extraction in the leather tanning industry. The tree is also valued for its aesthetic appeal in landscaping and as a source of timber.


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Fun Facts

Eastern Hemlock is known for its longevity, with some trees living for over 800 years. It is also the state tree of Pennsylvania.

Explore Deeper With The Interactive Map

Unleash your inner explorer with our interactive map of the Arboretum. This live map labels the location of every tree in the arboretum, providing detailed information on each one.

Dive into the fascinating stories behind each tree, learn about their origins, characteristics, and unique attributes. The interactive map is your perfect companion for an engaging and educational adventure. Discover the rich tapestry of nature with just a few clicks!

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Arboretum Index